They are also trying to improve the efficiency of the process, as it currently requires more energy to sustain the fusion reaction than is produced by the reaction itself. For example, scientists are working to develop materials that can withstand the extreme temperatures and pressures of the fusion process. There are still many challenges to be overcome before nuclear fusion can be used as a practical source of energy. In a fusion reactor, the energy is typically extracted using a steam turbine, just like in a traditional power plant. The fusion process releases a tremendous amount of energy, which can be used to generate electricity. Once the plasma reaches the required temperatures and pressures, the fusion reaction can begin. The plasma is heated using a variety of techniques, such as injecting high-energy particles into the plasma or using microwaves to heat the plasma directly. The tokamak works by using electromagnets to generate a magnetic field that surrounds the plasma and keeps it confined within the device. A tokamak is a donut-shaped device that uses powerful magnetic fields to confine and heat the hydrogen plasma (the ionized gas) to the required temperatures and pressures. There are several different designs for fusion reactors, but one of the most promising is the tokamak. To achieve these conditions, scientists use a device called a fusion reactor. When the ions are close enough together, they can fuse to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a large amount of energy in the process. At these conditions, the hydrogen atoms are ionized, meaning they lose their electrons and become positively charged. So, how does nuclear fusion work? Essentially, the process involves heating and pressurizing a gas, such as hydrogen, to extremely high temperatures and pressures. In contrast, fossil fuels and nuclear fission (the process used in most nuclear power plants) produce much larger amounts of waste that can be difficult and costly to dispose of. For example, it produces relatively small amounts of nuclear waste, which can be easily managed and stored. Nuclear fusion also has a number of other advantages over other forms of energy production. This makes it an attractive option for addressing the climate crisis, as it could provide a way to generate electricity without contributing to global warming. Unlike fossil fuels, which produce greenhouse gases when they are burned, nuclear fusion produces no harmful emissions or pollutants. One of the main benefits of nuclear fusion is that it has the potential to provide a virtually limitless source of clean energy. This process is the same one that powers the sun and other stars, and scientists have been working for decades to harness this energy for use on Earth. degree," says Kokkonen.Nuclear fusion is a process that occurs when two atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a tremendous amount of energy in the process. Now I am very happy to work in the group towards my Ph.D. During my thesis process and summer internships I got to know the Nuclear Spectroscopy group's work. "In my thesis, I analyzed experimental data among which the new isotope was found. The study was a part of her master's thesis, and the research is published in the journal Physical Review C. The new discovery was made by Kokkonen, who recently graduated with a Master of Science degree. "The studies of new nuclei are important for understanding the structure of atomic nuclei and the limits of known matter," says Doctoral Researcher Henna Kokkonen from the Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä. Alpha decay is a common decay mode of heavy nuclei. The new nuclei decay via alpha decay towards more stable isotopes. ![]() The isotope was detected among the products by using the detectors of a RITU recoil separator. 190-Astatine, the new isotope, was produced in the fusion of 84Sr beam particles and silver target atoms. It has been estimated that in the Earth's crust there is no more than one tablespoon of astatine. Astatine is a fast-decaying, and therefore rare element.
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